The films Rush Hour and Rush Hour 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The films Rush Hour and Rush Hour 2 - Essay Example Rush Hour – The Scene When Carter and Lee Meet for the First Time The first scene that will be examined will be the scene in Rush Hour, where Jackie Chan’s character, Chief Inspector Lee, is getting off the plane to meet Carter, played by Chris Tucker, for the very first time. The scene opens with an overhead shot of Carter sitting on the roof of a black car, with the words â€Å"Snake Boss 24† overlaid on the scene in large red letters. The scene then cuts to a medium shot of a plane that is coming in on the runway. Then, a medium shot of Carter, in a full length body shot, as he checks his watch. After this shot is a long shot of the same plane that was shown in the very first shot, but, this time, the plane is shot through a window pane, and the plane is seen down below. The words â€Å"is back with† is overlaid on the window pane, in red, in the same writing as â€Å"Snake Boss 24† as the plane coming in on a long shot on the other side of the window pane. These three shots are edited and cut so that they are very c lose together – the original shot of the plane, which was the medium shot, was about seven seconds long, the shot of Carter checking his watch was about three seconds long, and the long shot of the plane was also about seven seconds long. ... The next shot is a close up of Inspector Lee, as he looks around, with the words â€Å"Rush Hour† overlaid on that shot, then a medium shot of Lee as he descends the stairs. When he gets to the bottom of the stairs, the camera cuts immediately to Carter, in a medium shot, as he is walking towards Lee. The shot of Carter walking towards Lee is about three seconds long. The shot after the shot of Carter walking towards Lee, is another medium shot of Lee, who is looking towards Carter, then turns to a woman next to him and speaks Chinese. During this entire sequence, there is no speaking, until Lee greets the Chinese woman next to him – rather, there is music that sounds Chinese. The pacing of this sequence is extremely rapid, as there is cutting away to show different parts of the shot – the plane, Carter, the plane, Carter, and the plane. After Carter reaches Lee, the first dialogue is spoken in the scene, while a bass guitar plays in the background. When Carter f irst reaches Lee, he is shot from the back, then the camera immediately cuts to a close up of Carter’s face, and now Lee is being shot from the back. This shot alternates between a close up of Carter, as he is talking to Lee, thinking that Lee doesn’t speak English, and a close up of Lee’s face, which first looks perplexed, then he is smiling, then back to Carter close up, then back to Lee closeup, then a medium shot of both of them as Carter is turning towards the camera. The camera is of the two men in a medium shot, from the waist up, as Carter talks about how he can’t believe that he got stuck with this assignment. This shot, where Carter is facing the camera and talking to himself is the slowest shot of the sequence, as this shot is around 12 seconds long.

The Search for Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Search for Identity - Essay Example Hence, it must be inherent for a human to search for his or her own identity all throughout his or her existence on earth. In regard to the aforementioned facts, this paper aims to dissect and explicate the search for identity in the two novels namely "Their Eyes Were Watching God" by Zora Neale Hurston and "Run With The Horsemen" by Ferrol Sams. Moreover, quotes from the said novels shall also be cited as well as to determine how it can be a conscious and, at the same time, an unconscious process, thus exemplifying the essence of this essay. Janie Mae Crawford is the protagonist in this novel. Aside from her quest for true love and standing up for her rights, despite the hindrances caused by the seemingly double jeopardy of being a woman and a black citizen- both symbolized an undeniable societal inferiority, she also has a search to find her real identity, that is, who she really is and what she is standing for. Janie's search for her identity is but a conscious effort. She knew what she really wanted: she wanted to be free! At first, she was seemingly under the control of the values that Nanny, her grandmother, has instilled in her young mind, thereby submitting herself to marry a man whom she doesn't even love. Nevertheless, her efforts to set herself free can be seen in as early as the beginning chapters of the novel, particularly when she left Logan to go with Jody. Moreover, when her relationship with Jody was "on the rocks", she has an intense desire to be free from Jody's tyranny. Eventually, after Jody's death, she has won her price of liberty. In addition, after her third husband's (Tea Cake) death, she has definitely liberated herself from all the bondage entanglements in her life. The following quotations are the salient evidences wherein Janie consciously and successfully found her identity: 1. "Now that she is alone, she begins to examine her feelings and realizes that she hates Nanny for the values with which Nanny raised her" (ch. 9). Rationale/Analysis: She was able to identify her own values as distinct from that of her grandmother's, as a result of her experiences. 2. "She looks in a mirror and sees that she has aged but is still beautiful. She rips off her head-rag, freeing her imprisoned hair..." (ch. 8). Rationale/Analysis: Soon after Jody's death, she realized her worth and her new-found freedom through this symbolic act. 3. "[As she] trudges down the main road they envy her physical beauty, particularly her long, straight hair.... [but] she doesn't stop to talk to them" (ch. 1). Rationale/Analysis: This line from the story is actually the ending part, that is, the novel is just set to do a flashback. In this scenario, Janie was walking at the road in a carefree manner. After all that had happened, she has already found her true identity and therefore, she did not bother to care about what other people will think about her because she has now emerged as a confident and an empowered woman with a unique identity. The Search for identity as seen in "Run With The Horsemen" As Porter "Sambo" Osborne Jr., the protagonist in the story, sails his journey through adolescence, his search for identity can be regarded as a natural phenomenon. This is especially true in the developmental stage where he is into. According to Erik Erikson, a renowned developmental theorist whose works are constantly cited by

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Research Paper Related to Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Beginning in the 1990s, the number of cases of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DMT2) began increasing. This increase occurred alongside an increase in obesity, poor diet choices, and a decrease in exercise among the American population. DMT2 is the most common form of diabetes and is particularly affecting the younger population. With one in five children now said to be overweight, some studies indicate that the number of young people with DMT2 has quadrupled in recent years. This paper will examine the complexity of DMT2 and its rising incidence among the United States (US) population as well as demonstrate that community education and prevention are key components to controlling this disease (American Diabetes Association, 2007). It will consider six dimensions: 1) pathophysiology, 2) incidence and prevalence, 3) audience, 4) survey and other research, 5) disease prevention, and 6) teaching plan with final conclusions. Dimension One: Pathophysiology DMT2 is a chronic disease previously called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or adult-onset diabetes. It is caused by several complex metabolic disorders which can lead to high levels of sugar in the blood. These disorders result from defects of multiple organ sites including insulin resistance in muscles and tissues, a decline in insulin secretion from the pancreas, unrestrained hepatic glucose production or secretion, and/or declining ÃŽ ²-cell function. Patients who have DMT2 are not able to regulate the glucose levels in the body. If glucose is not able to reach cells in the body, the body is not able to use it for energy and the glucose will stay in the blood causing the main symptoms of diabetes (Barr, Myslinksi, Scarborough, 2008). ÃŽ ²-cell dysfunction is thought to be partly genetic and contributes to the onset of glucose intolerance in DMT2. It is characterized by impairment in the first phase of insulin secretion during glucose stimulation. The endocrine pancreas is unable to compensate for insulin resistance that could lead to hyperglycemia and the onset of diabetes. ÃŽ ²-cell dysfunction along with glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, and other inflammatory agents on pancreatic insulin production all play a contributing role in the development of DMT2 (Rizvi, 2004). Tissue resistance to glucose uptake is also recognized as a major cause of DMT2. Insulin resistance has been linked to elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines that trigger endothelial cell dysfunction and promote vascular abnormalities. These mechanisms may lead to atherosclerosis and coagulation tendencies which can also be present with DMT2. Although these causes are not linked to diabetes alone, they are found in other chronic diseases such as dyslipidemia and hypertension which are known risk factors of diabetes. (Rizvi, 2004). Dimension Two: Incidence and Prevalence DMT2 accounts for 90 to 95 percent of all diagnosed cases of diabetes and usually begins as insulin resistance. It is often associated with older age, obesity, family history of diabetes, history of gestational diabetes, impaired glucose metabolism, physical inactivity, and race/ethnicity. In the US, the populations most affected are Native Americans, Hispanic-Americans, and Asian-Americans. According to the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC) (2007), there are approximately 798,000 new cases of diabetes annually in the US, which is an estimated 1 in 340 people per year. Broken down even further, this is about â€Å"66,499 per month, 15,346 per week, 2,186 per day, 91 per hour, and 1 per minute† cases (NDIC, 2007,  ¶6). In 2002, there were 150 million people affected with DMT2 worldwide and 15.7 million people in the US, with an estimated 5.4 million of those undiagnosed. DMT2 affects approximately 1 in 16 people (NDIC, 2007). Dimension Three: Audience Student nurses at Southwestern Community College recently hosted a health fair discussing various diseases and concerns amongst the community. To present the information, student nurses used a demographic audience analysis in order to identify the population attending the health fair. This type of audience examination described the qualities of a group of people by considering several aspects, such as the size of the audience, diversity, captivity or circumstances, as well as the audience composition (Outloud Online, n.d.). The size of the audience determined the way of presenting information; for instance, the large audience would likely have a wide variety of characteristics whereas the smaller audience may have fewer differences. Consequently, presenting information to a large group of people required a more formal approach (Outloud Online, n.d.). On the other hand, small audiences allow for a more personal and informal presentation. Because the health fair was designed to attract a large group of people from three different counties the student nurses concluded that the formal way of presenting information during the health fair would be more appropriate. The second component of the audience analysis referred to the diversity of people attending the health fair. Generally, the larger audiences are more diverse and require a broader approach (Outloud Online, n.d.). On the other hand, special occasions such as health fairs attract a variety of people who are interested in health and wellness. Consequently, the student nurses decided to address the topic of increasing incidence of diabetes during the health fair in a non-judgmental way with the consideration for cultural variations among people. The next element of the audience analysis was related to circumstances of presenting information. For example, people who chose to listen on their own were more receptive than the people were forced to hear something. The term captive described the audience who may resent a speaker; therefore the speaker needed to exert an extra effort to get the audiences attention (Outloud Online, n.d.). Generally, an assumption can be made that the audience is captive and works hard to show the importance of the topic. In order to capture the attention of the audience, the student nurses decided to utilize variety of visual, tactile, auditory, as well as psychomotor teaching methods to present the information about diabetes during the health fair, which will be explained further below. The last component of the demographic audience analysis was related to the composition of the audience. The student nurses considered the factors, such as age, race or culture, gender, as well as education level of the community population. Although the composition of the audience was important, the simplifying peoples interest and beliefs could have easily led to stereotyping (Outloud Online, n.d.). In order to avoid stereotyping of audience, the student nurses decided to provide information without cultural and ethnical preconceptions as well as in a non-judgmental way. Dimension Four: Survey and Other Research In prior years, much research has been conducted on the incidence and prevalence of DMT2. This research validates the increasing rate of diabetes amongst the US population. It was estimated that in 1999-2002, 19.3 million Americans (about 9.3 percent of the total population) had diabetes. By 2005, approximately 1.5 million new cases of diabetes were diagnosed in the US and at this rate, it is estimated that more than 25 million people in the US will have diabetes by the year 2025. According to research conducted by the Tufts-New England Medical Center (2007), the rise of DMT2 anticipated over the next few decades can be attributed to the changes is diagnostic criteria, increased awareness which leads to increased diagnosis, the aging population, increase the prevalence of obesity, and decreasing mortality. Although the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes from 1980-2004 increased in all age groups, it is similar to other chronic conditions and affects the older population. It is estimat ed that over 22 percent of the elderly population (age 65 and older) make up almost 40 percent of those diagnosed with diabetes. In 2005, there were 575,000 new cases of diabetes among those 60 years and older (Balk, et al., 2005). Other research has shown that DMT2 may be described as a new epidemic in the American pediatric population. In 1994, DMT2 accounted for up to 16 percent of new pediatric diabetes cases, and by 1999, it account for 8-45 percent of new cases. This increase coincided with the increased prevalence of childhood obesity. In 2000, the prevalence of diabetes for all ages worldwide was estimated to be 2.8 percent. Based on current research, it is predicted that 4.4 percent will be diagnosed with DMT2 in 2030, which will be an estimated total number of 366 million (Balk, et al., 2005). Results from a Pan American Health Organization survey conducted in 2007 along the Mexico-US border can be found in Appendix A. Another survey on the rising prevalence of obesity among the younger population can be found in Appendix B. Dimension Five: Disease Prevention Although the need to prevent DMT2 was recognized in the 1920s, little has been done in the area of prevention in the decades following despite the technological advances. This lack of implementing a prevention plan was also due to the lack of evidenced-based studies. Several clinical trials were conducted, but many were flawed in design and most studies used anti-diabetes drugs as the only intervention. Fortunately in the intervening years, positive results from several controlled trials using lifestyle changes have become available. More recent trials show it is possible to reduce the rate of DMT2 in high-risk clients through lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise (Tuomilehto, 2007). Pre-diabetes is a condition in which a clients blood glucose level is higher than normal, but not yet high enough to be termed diabetes. Either the impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance tests will be higher. If a client shows increased test results with these two tests, however, progression to diabetes is not inevitable. Losing weight and increasing physical activity has been shown to reduce the blood sugar levels to a more normal range and delay the onset of diabetes. These lifestyle interventions are attainable and much more cost-effective and it is proven that lose 5-10 percent of body weight can reverse pre-diabetes symptoms. (Adams, 2009). Physical activity increases the bodys use of insulin which in turn lowers blood glucose levels. Reducing the amount of time sitting in front of a television is an effective way to increase physical activity. A study in 2007 showed a direct link between television watching and an increased risk of diabetes. Those with a two-hour increase in television viewing had a 23 percent increase in the risk of obesity, leading to a 14 percent increase risk of DMT2 (Tuomilehto, 2007). Nutrition recommendations for prevention of diabetes include high intakes of dietary fiber and low-glycemic-index foods. Eating a well-balanced diet with adequate amounts of protein and carbohydrates with lower amounts of saturated fats and sugars has proven to be effective in the prevention of DMT2 (Mann, 2006). Dimension Six: Teaching Plan A health fair was recently held on the campus of Southwestern Community College. Each group attending the health fair was given one table to present information in a systematic manner that would be beneficial to those passing by. The authors of this research paper, who are also student nurses, chose to concentrate on basic DMT2 pathophysiology and prevention. To effectively present the material to a varied audience, the student nurses came up with strategies to teach the materials that would appeal to various learning styles. For those who may learn visually, the student nurses provided visual aids including a large display board along with two posters. These materials included written information, pictures, and diagrams of DMT2s effects on the body as well as descriptions of the pathophysiology and causes. For the audience to take with them or look through while browsing, the student nurses provided tactile objects such as pamphlets about diabetes and exercise, diabetic cookbooks, diabetic desserts from the cookbooks, and three factual information sheets about DMT2 from a local diabetes educator. For those who were audio-style learners, several student nurses stayed near the information table and were available to answer questions and speak with those interested and/or concerned they may be at risk for developing DMT2. Also available to the audience as reinforcement of this information was a video which spoke of signs and symptoms of pre-diabetes as well as preventative strategies. To further test for symptoms of pre-diabetes, student nurses were available with a glucose monitor to check glucose levels when requested. Overall, the health fair seemed to be quite effective and pleasing to the audience present based on review.

Psychiatrist interviewing Heathcliff :: English Literature

Psychiatrist interviewing Heathcliff Psychiatrist: Hello, my name is Dr. Patel from the university of Bombay. I am here with a man whom has been to my surgery plenty of times to ask for advice and help, his name is Heathcliff. He is here to talk about his revenge on the people of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. So lets ask him how all this began and turned out. Hello Heathcliff, how can I help you? Heathcliff: I feel like I need to take revenge on some people that have treated me wrongly in the past. How could I refrain from doing this? Psychiatrist: Well, before I can make a judgment why don't you tell me a bit more about yourself. Heathcliff: Well, this all goes back to my childhood. I was found wondering the streets of Liverpool by a man named Mr. Earnshaw. Mr. Earnshaw already had two children by the names of Hindley and Catherine. During my time with the Earnshaw's, their son, Hindley, didn't treat me like one of the family. Hindley treated me as a slave because his father thought more of me than he did his other children. Obviously jealously was brought out of Hindley because of this. Hindley only began to treat me like this after his father had passed away because he inherited Wuthering Heights. Psychiatrist: I see, is this man Hindley the only person you feel you have to have revenge on. Heathcliff: No, there is another man by the name of Edgar Linton. The main reason I feel I need to bring revenge on this man is because he married the woman I loved. Psychiatrist: Yes, can you explain yourself a bit better about the subject? Heathcliff: During my time with the Earnshaw's I began to fall in love with their daughter, Catherine. I had loved her for a long time until one day I over-heard Catherine telling someone that she cannot marry me on account of my poor social standing. After this I left Withering Heights only to discover that she had married Edgar Linton just because he was an heir of a wealthy neighbouring family. Psychiatrist: OK, what else do you know about Edgar Linton? Heathcliff: I know that he was an heir to an estate called Thrushcross Grange. Psychiatrist: During your absence from Wuthering Heights what happened? Heathcliff: Whilst I was away from Wuthering Heights I decided that I should try to earn some money to keep me going, so I constantly read the employment page of every newspaper in England. Eventually I found an advertisement for a job as a courier, so I accepted it. I had arrived at work only to find it was a drugs courier's job.

Macro Utiliized Within Microsoft

Microsoft Word is a program used in school or business to create, edit, print, and you can also publish documents to the internet or web. What you need is Microsoft Word however it comes in the MS Office package along with other software like Powering, Excel, etc. It is not going to cause you any additional problems. You will most likely need these other programs in college as well. You are mostly interested in Microsoft Word so let me explain some of the features of Microsoft Word.You will be able to: 1. Cutting, Coping and Pasting 2. Formatting text which Is used to adding colors, graphics also font size and type 3. Adding images or object and pictures from your computer or the web 4. Find, search and replace a single word or paragraphs within the document with ease 5. Bullets and Borders from with Word or online is available and can be used to decorate the document and any important points you want to make 6. Spelling and Grammar comes at great ease with this software 7.Document P rotection Is available and you an require a password and also have signature required 8. Also can be used to create letters and mailing envelopes This is among tons of other features that are available to you. If this conversation takes place over the phone I would use my customer service experience (friendly, courteous) to greet customer and start the conversation. I would give my name and politely ask for the customer name so I can address them by name for the rest of the call. It makes them feels comfortable.I would then thank them person for calling tech purport and asking how can I help them? One challenge would be that the customer has no Idea what I am talking about or no knowledge of Microsoft Word at all. In this Instance I would let the customer know they can call back for a tech or me to walk them through a training session. I can also email a video link to the customer to watch so they can get familiar with the software. I would clarify what the problem Is or any questio ns described by the customer, and answer accordingly.I do not assume there will be many problem on this call. This call Is an Informational call only and actually the sales rep would have gotten this call not tech support. There Is again no step-by-step process for this customer so this question does not apply. My alternative or follow up to all calls would be to send an email regarding Information discussed In the phone call. However, the customer can always vaults the website and browse through all of the same Information and read It at their own pace.Also, download the trial for the software and give It a try for free and get comfortable with he software before purchasing It of course. Macro Utilized Within Microsoft By Stationmaster 2. Formatting text which is used to adding colors, graphics also font size and type 3. Comes at great ease with this software 7. Document Protection is available and you has no idea what I am talking about or no knowledge of Microsoft Word at all. In this instance I would let the customer know they can call back for a tech or me to walk watch so they can get familiar with the software.I would clarify what the problem is assume there will be many problem on this call. This call is an informational call only and actually the sales rep would have gotten this call not tech support. There is again alternative or follow up to all calls would be to send an email regarding information discussed in the phone call. However, the customer can always visit the website and browse through all of the same information and read it at their own pace. Also, download the trial for the software and give it a try for free and get comfortable with the software before purchasing it of course.

Politics & The English Language-By George Orwell Essay

1: Orwell’s thesis is somewhat stated, but also implied. His thesis is that any effect can become a cause, such that something that starts as an aid for a different ailment may eventually become detrimental. 2: Orwell’s analogy of the cause and effect of alcohol abuse to the demise of lanuage in paragraph two is very effective. It shows a chain reaction, where the person starts drinking alcohol to combat a problem in their live, but then the alcohol eventually leads to more difficult problems. 3: In Paragraph 4, Orwell uses a simile to compare â€Å"phrases tacked together† to â€Å"sections of a prefabricated henhouse†. That shows how prose consists of words that aren’t necessarily chosen for their meaning, but instead just because it’s easy. In Paragraph 12, Orwell uses a similie to compare someone â€Å"choking† to â€Å"tea leaves blocking a sink†, which shows how the author knows what he wants to say, but sometimes he has too many â€Å"stale phrases† in his head. In paragraph 15, Orwell uses a similie to compare â€Å"a mass of Latin words fall upon the facts† to â€Å"soft snow†, which blurs the outlines, and covers up the details. In paragraph 16, Orwell compares â€Å"his words† to â€Å"cavalry horses answering the bugle†, which create an analogy that is effective because both words and cavalry horses are powerful. 4: Removing the extensive uses of examples in paragraphs 5, 6, 7 and 8 weakens Orwell’s argument, and makes the passage less interesting and boring to read. The examples also aid Orwell’s credibility as a writer. 5: The additional information in the footnotes in paragraphs 7 and 8 serve to clarify and expand on his ideas. I believe that he made them footnotes, as opposed to putting the additional information right in the body of the essay, because putting the information in the body of the text would take away focus from what he was writing and the points he was trying to make. 6: Orwell may not have any doctoral qualifications to speak on language, but he establishes his ethos, his ethical appeal; by using an immense amount of examples. He should not of been more direct, he proved his point quite well in the way he already wrote the essay. 7: Orwell’s essay is organized quite exquisitely. He starts the essay with a few introductory paragraphs, then he lists 5 passages where what he just states applies, which is very good at proving his point. Then he speaks on four different sections: Dying Metaphors, Operators or Verbal False Limbs, Pretentious Diction, and Meaningless Words. He uses a ridiculous amount of examples throughout his essay. 8: Orwell’s purpose in writing the essay was to show how much language and wording can affect someone’s writing. His Post-WWII knowledge could aid the essay, because during WWII both sides (Axis & Allied) used propaganda to stress their point, and their propaganda used wording effects quite frequently to get their points across. 9: Orwell’s tone varies across the passage, but he is always trying to accomplish the same goal of the wording effect on language and writing.

Doric Columns - All You Need to Know

Doric Columns - All You Need to Know The Doric column is an architectural element from ancient Greece and represents one of the five orders of classical architecture. Today this simple column can be found supporting many front porches across America. In public and commercial architecture, notably the public architecture in Washington, DC, the Doric column is a defining feature of Neoclassical style buildings. A Doric column has a very plain, straightforward design, much more simple than the later Ionic and Corinthian column styles. A Doric column is also thicker and heavier than an Ionic or Corinthian column. For this reason, the Doric column is sometimes associated with strength and masculinity. Believing that Doric columns could bear the most weight, ancient builders often used them for the lowest level of multi-story buildings, reserving the more slender Ionic and Corinthian columns for the upper levels. Ancient builders developed several Orders, or rules, for the design and proportion of buildings, including the columns. Doric is one of the earliest and most simple of the Classical Orders set down in ancient Greece. An Order includes the vertical column and the horizontal entablature. Doric designs developed in the western Dorian region of Greece in about the 6th century BC. They were used in Greece until about 100 BC. Romans adapted the Greek Doric column but also developed their own simple column, which they called Tuscan. Characteristics of the Doric Column Greek Doric columns share these features: a shaft that is fluted or grooveda shaft that is wider at the bottom than the topno base or pedestal at the bottom, so it is placed directly on the floor or ground levelan  echinus or a smooth, round capital-like flare at the top of the shafta square abacus on top of the round echinus, which disperses and evens the loada lack of ornamentation or carvings of any kind, although sometimes a stone ring called an astragal marks the transition of the shaft to the echinus Doric columns come in two varieties, Greek and Roman. A Roman Doric column is similar to Greek, with two exceptions: Roman Doric columns often have a base on the bottom of the shaft.Roman Doric columns are usually taller than their Greek counterparts, even if the shaft diameters are the same. Architecture Built With Doric Columns Since the Doric column was invented in ancient Greece, it can be found in the ruins of what we call Classical architecture, the buildings of early Greece and Rome. Many buildings in a Classical Greek city would have been constructed with Doric columns. Symmetrical rows of columns were placed with mathematical precision in iconic structures like the Parthenon Temple at the Acropolis in Athens. Constructed between 447 BC and 438 BC., the Parthenon in Greece has become an international symbol of Greek civilization and an iconic example of the Doric column style. Another landmark example of Doric design, with columns surrounding the entire building, is the Temple of Hephaestus in Athens. Likewise, the Temple of the Delians, a small, quiet space overlooking a harbor, also reflects the Doric column design. On a walking tour of Olympia, youll find a solitary Doric column at the Temple of Zeus still standing amid the ruins of fallen columns. Column styles evolved over several centuries. The massive Colosseum in Rome has Doric columns on the first level, Ionic columns on the second level, and Corinthian columns on the third level. When Classicism was reborn during the Renaissance, architects such as Andrea Palladio gave the Basilica in Vicenza a 16th-century facelift by combining column types on different levels- Doric columns on the first level, Ionic columns above. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Neoclassical buildings were inspired by the architecture of early Greece and Rome. Neoclassical columns imitate the Classical styles at the 1842 Federal Hall Museum and Memorial at 26 Wall Street in New York City. The 19th-century architects used Doric columns to recreate the grandeur of the site where the first President of the United States was sworn in. Of less grandeur is the World War I Memorial shown on this page. Built in 1931 in Washington, DC, it is a small, circular monument inspired by the architecture of the Doric temple in ancient Greece. A more dominant example of Doric column use in Washington, DC is the creation of architect Henry Bacon, who gave the neoclassical Lincoln Memorial imposing Doric columns, suggesting order and unity. The Lincoln Memorial was built between 1914 and 1922. Finally,  in the years leading up to Americas Civil War, many of the large, elegant antebellum plantations were built in the Neoclassical style with classically-inspired columns. These simple but grand column types are found throughout the world, wherever classic grandeur is required in local architecture. Sources Doric column illustration  © Roman Shcherbakov/iStockPhoto; Parthenon detail photo by Adam Crowley/Photodisc/Getty Images; Lincoln Memorial photo by Allan Baxter/Getty Images; and photo of Federal Hall by Raymond Boyd/Getty Images.

The plight of a child Essay Example

The plight of a child Essay Example The plight of a child Essay The plight of a child Essay Helping Homeless Youth A. What is the problem? A. There are homeless youth without supervision on the streets of America b. They are abusing substances and that may be the cause of them being homeless c. Their family does not accept their lifestyle (LIGHT) B. What is being done to fix the problem? A. Shelters are being built specifically for them b. People are getting the word out c. Giving kids hope d. Foundations are being created C. What is not done? A. More shelters need to be built b. Awareness not raised enough c. Safety regulations need to be changed d. Acknowledgement of their accomplishment D. How can we/you help? A. Volunteer b. Be there for someone c. Give all that you can d. Help raise awareness Is it not to share your bread with the hungry and bring the homeless poor into your house; when you see the naked, to cover him, and not to hide yourself from your own flesh? (Isaiah 58:7) What is the problem? It is so easy to Just live your daily life without noticing the people you pass by on your way home from work. It is easy to Just turn the music up and keep your eyes forward but, how, at the same time, is it so hard? You cannot bear to look into the eyes of that a Day ten sloe AT ten street, out you cannot stop staring Into tenet soul. Many Kilos on the street can feel helpless, but they are not hopeless. A lack of guidance and ignorance cause these youth to be without shelter. While there are efforts to help the youth, there is still more that can be done and those who are concerned can help, There are many reasons that a child could be on the streets of America tonight. They could be on substances, their parents could have lost their Job and then their house, their parents might not accept their lifestyle, or a myriad of other reasons. In any case, they should be helped. We must be able to show Chrisms love to everyone, ND most of all, the homeless. Jesus replied, Foxes have holes and birds of the air have nests, but the Son of Man has no place to lay his head. (Matthew 8:20) Christ, himself, was homeless and he says to you who help the least of these because that is helping him. These homeless youth in the United States is estimated to be 1. 6 million, and that is one in every forty children (Mantra). One in forty-five of Americas future adults and leaders are on the streets hiding or begging for food. It is Just breath taking to think that that many children are on our streets while we are bundled up in our warm, cozy beds. The population of America has surged passed 300 million people, so that is . 53% of America. That may not seem like much, but that is still 1. 6 million people. Wicked it be easier to not look passed that if they were part of your family or someone you knew? Most of the kids are not looking for a handout either. They Just want help to get by, food to live, and a warm enough place to sleep. Many of these youth are homeless because of their parents. They do not accept the life-style that the youth wishes to lead. Even on the streets, their life-style might not be accept, which leads to homophobic violence. Almost half of Chicago homeless youth identify as LIGHT, Lesbian, Gay, Bi-sexual, Transgender, or Queer (Franco). I find it quite deplorable that parents will throw their child out on the street because they do not agree with them. How is that showing Chrisms love? Christ loved everyone, no matter the fault. So, why do we, as Christians, put labels on people and not help them because their sin is different than ours? Granted, not every parent that kicks out his or her child is Christian, but about 80% of America is Christian (Wonky). So, it is safe to assume that most of the parents tossing out their youth are Christian. In this recession, youth homelessness has increased incredibly. There are 28% more homeless youth now than there was in 2007. Chrisms followers should have heartache for these youth. Do not be slothful in zeal, be fervent in spirit, and serve the Lord. (Romans 12:11) . As Christians, we should not be apathetic to Gods word and these helpless youth. We are called to help in any way possible the poor. Christians should not let an opportunity to share Christ pass. Youth have a very acute ear when they are being helped. Some of these youth are with parents that cannot feed them. They do not get food often, maybe but once a day. Soup kitchens are increasing getting better at providing quality food, but they cannot provide for everyone (Rating). What is being done to fix the problem? Homeless youth are not helpless or hopeless. Some are getting the help they need, wanly Is amazing, out some are not. Many organizations are getting ten word out and are trying to help the best they can. Sadly, funding is a major issue. It is essential that these youth be helped. They, along with every other youth, are the future leaders of America. They can accomplish great things, with help. For instance, Isis, a reciprocity student became a contestant on Americas Next Top Model. Isis was kicked out on the street because her parents did not accept that she was a transgender. (Homeless) It is breath taking to think that Isis, with a little help, accomplished so much. In another instance of someone helping, the True Colors foundation is helping the LIGHT youth. The recently had a benefit concert and all the profits went straight to helping the youth. Because of their great strides and selflessness, enough money was raised to erect a 30-apartment residence for the LIGHT youth in New York. Peters) It is that kind of effort that pays off. The foundation put something to their minds and they got something done. These youth do not want a handout either. Some of them are self-sufficient and all they want is a safe place to lay their head. They try so hard to Just find a safe place to stay and they end up with the wrong person they picked up at a bar cuddling for a night and are out on the street then next morning. (Franco) Many do not agree with their lifestyle and that is okay, but Jesus loved the rich, poor, sick, well, the thief, and the tax collector. Who are some people to say that they are above loving someone because of their lifestyle? It is okay to disagree, but that does not mean a person should not do everything possible to help a person out, no matter their orientation. Most of these youth are Just trying to get by. They do not want a hand out, and do not want their hand held and guided along. The youth Just want a helping hand to get back on their feet. The reciprocity foundation takes this a step further though. They put these children in a situation that is comforting and productive. It is pitiful that a person who does not profess to be of any religion helps the LIGHT out more than most Christians would even think to do. Tara Banks partnered with the Reciprocity Foundation to create an episode of Americas Next Top Model to educate teens about youth homelessness. (Homeless) She used her show, which reaches millions every week, to educate teens. We are called to love all, even our enemies. While they should not be seen as enemies, the principle still applies. Love all, care for all, and help all. After reading this, you may feel compelled to help, and you may ask how can I help? Well, there are many shelters that are need your time and effort. Some shelters Hough, will require you to go throug h stringent tests and evaluations, but they are much needed for the safety of the children. (Franco) The leaders of the shelters Just want what is best for these misunderstood youth. Money is also a big help, and so can opening your home too youth. It may be difficult to take in someone, but Just think of the influence that you could have on that child. The youth you take in may feel helpless and hopeless, but you bringing them into a better environment might be what they need to change the world. To run a single bed with all the amenities needed to make the youth feel secure and safe is bout 40,000 dollars, but taking in a child for a year costs Just a fraction of that at 8,100 collars. (Franco) Effort is a huge thing. It is understandable, especially in the current economy, that you cannot give your money, but your time and effort will be welcomed with open arms. Many scrape every penny they can Just to keep their head above water, and they work two Jobs full time in order Just to put a piece of bread in their childs mouth. They do not have a lot of time to help others, but there is always time. For instance, my father works a full time Job and was going to college at the same mime, but he always found time to spend with me and to do other things necessary for himself and me such as grocery shopping. He maybe got 2-3 hours of sleep a night before he woke up and did the same exact thing again. He made the effort to do what was best for me. While this is not a perfect example because I was neither homeless nor in great need, he made the effort and squeezed as much time as he could out of his schedule to help someone else and you can do the same. It is not necessary to get 2-3 hours of sleep Just to help someone, but there are always days off that you can help instead of staying home and doing nothing. There is always holidays like Thanksgiving that you could work at a soup kitchen and give out a Thanksgiving meal. People are dedicating their lives to this cause of helping the homeless and even more so certain sects of the homeless population such as the LIGHT youth. Bambini Weevil is a prime example of this as she is an activist for gay rights. After a few years out of college, she started an organization called Out Impact to raise concerns when it comes to the LIGHT. She tries to do everything she can to help these youth because according to Weevil, Its important to me because we do need change in this entry, as well as accountability for all citizens, she says. L believe its important to have your voice heard and to speak up for those who feel powerless to do so, or cant. (Kay). As Christians, are we not supposed to fight for those who do not have a voice? We are to fight for the children, widowed, and others that are helpless. Should we disregard these youth because they are homeless or are LIGHT? No, of course we should not. We should treat them equally because we are all equal in the ey es of God. We all sin, Just because their sin is homosexuality does not mean they are worse than we are. In fact, it makes them Just like us, sinful.

Ideal Office Temperatures for Productivity

Ideal Office Temperatures for Productivity Conventional wisdom says that finding the ideal office temperature is important to worker productivity. A difference of just a few degrees can have a significant impact on how focused and engaged employees are. For decades, the available research suggested keeping the office temperature between 70 and 73 degrees Fahrenheit would be best for the majority of workers.   The problem was that the research was outdated. It was primarily based on an office full of male employees, as most workplaces were until the latter half of the 20th century. Todays office buildings, however, are likely to have as many women as men. So should that factor into decisions about office temperatures? Women and Office Temperature According to a 2015 study, womens different body chemistry must be considered when setting the office thermostat, especially in the summer months when air conditioners run all day long. Women have lower metabolic rates than men and tend to have more body fat. This means women will tend to be more susceptible to cold than men. So if there are a lot of women in your office, some temperature adjustment may be required. Even though the research may recommend 71.5 F as the minimum acceptable temperature, office managers should consider not only how many women are in the office, but how the building is designed. Large windows that let in a lot of sunlight may make a room feel warmer. High ceilings may create poor air distribution, meaning heaters or air conditioners have to work harder. Knowing your building, as well as the people in it, is crucial to getting that ideal temperature. How Temperature Affects Productivity If productivity is the driving factor in setting office temperatures, looking at old research is not going to help create comfortable workplaces. But research shows that as temperature rises, productivity declines. It makes sense that male and female workers would be less productive in an office with a temperature over 90  F. The same is true as the temperature decreases; with the thermostat set below 60 F, people are going to spend more energy shivering than focused on their work.   Other Factors Affecting Temperature Perception A persons weight, specifically body mass index or BMI, can affect how they react to temperature. Those who weigh more will feel warm more quickly, while those with lower-than-average BMI usually get cold easier.Age also plays a role. As we get older, particularly above 55, we tend to be more easily affected by the cold. So an older workforce may benefit from a slightly warmer office temperature.Humidity  affects how we perceive temperature. If the air is too humid, it can affect peoples ability to sweat, which can lead to heat exhaustion. A relative humidity level of 40 percent is optimal for year-round comfort. And while high humidity can feel oppressive, low humidity can make the air feel colder than it is, which is also problematic. This can cause skin, throat, and nasal passages to feel dry and uncomfortable.Being either too humid or not humid enough affects perceived temperature and comfort levels. So keeping a good relative humidity level is key to maintaining a healthy and p roductive office environment.

EU LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

EU LAW - Essay Example To preserve such provision, the European Court of Justice was established. When it comes to the application of competition law amongst the different facets of European healthcare, the view of lawyers are at odds. At one end of the gamut, many are apprehensive of its general applicability in the local laws while on the other hand, some argued that these laws fit perfectly in the health care scene. An area of focus is the difference of health care against the other sectors of the European economy. When the primary goal is protecting the patient and meeting their needs in the workforce, then modifications in their applicability is one way of bridging the gap. For example, hospitals must not attempt to put profit gain before service to the public; hence the imperatives of the free market do not directly affect them. II. Health safeguards in the I.T workforce A. First Scenario Assuming that an EU regulation provides for a 5-minute break of employees working with computers at two hour inte rvals throughout the working day; however, UK laws lack such provision. The area of interest now would be the rights of an employer against an employee, after she developed migraine attacks resulting from her constant use of computer, as required from her job. The Van Gend en Loos vs. Neatherland2 2established dual vigilance used to enforce the directives of the European law with every Member State. As a brief background, Van Gend en Loos was a shipping company that imports ureaformaldehyde to Holland with duty charged by the customs services. Thinking such as a clear violation of the former Article 12 EC (Article 25 EC) on the common market, the company asked for reimbursements. However, the Dutch court claimed lack of jurisdiction, since the law is not Dutch. Now, with reference to Article 177 EC (Article 234 EC), the company brought the case to the European Court of Justice citing that the Dutch court erred in its non-application of the EC laws33. In its decision, the ECJ said th at the nature of the EEC treaty on common market implies that the treaty itself does not only laid down a blanket of mutual obligations between the States involved but at the same time, it functions and acts directly to the concerns of the parties in interest. It even added, in relevance to the effect of the treaty, the specific article (Article 12) is to be construed as having direct effects and thus producing individual state rights that every nation ought to protect4. As a conclusion from the case at bar, from the establishment of the signatory states of the international European laws, then the states have effectively limited their sovereign rights – therefore creating a new legal order in these countries. However, in the thin scope of rights, the subjects are not only the states as well as the citizens and nationals. In short, these laws do not only enforce obligations to member states and it citizens but more importantly, it provides a set of rights that will be part of their legal heritage5. Based from the course of action taken by VGL above, the same can be used in order to secure her rights against UK’s (assuming) lack of implementing rules and guidelines of the established law regulation. However, it is to be taken as a consideration that even of the Van

Winslow Homer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Winslow Homer - Research Paper Example (Downes, 2006) In this painting After the Hurricane, 1899, Winslow Homer tries to convey the idea in his painting (After the Hurricane, 1899) that a man is laid to stand against nature. During the early civilizations, when men had just started evolving, the painting relates that era to the modern World. Imagine a World with no technology and communication, the humans would have to rely on nature and that is what this painting depicts. The excellent technique adopted by Wilson Homer in doing such a great masterpiece painting is empathetic. He used human psychology to drive human mind on what happens after a man is competing against nature. As you can see that the man in the painting (After the Hurricane, 1899) is washed off on the shore of a beach after a hurricane. The man in the painting is helpless yet he has to find the courage to stand again and survive not for what he has lost but for what his future holds. You see life of a person doesn’t stop after losing a loved one. He still has to find the courage to survive and the nature will be its provider. The purpose it serves is of cherishing family. No one knows the point till they are alive so why not spend time with loved ones. In the painting (After The Hurricane, 1899) the man washed off on the shore might have lost his family, his loved one, anyone and now they are gone forever. Similarly, in this era, people are so busy within their lives to progress that they often forget to value the people that helped them. In the painting, hurricane is used as a metaphor where death can strike at any time to anyone and just like the man is washed off on the shore of a beach in the painting, the modern human will be mourning the loss in real life. His another masterpiece The Gulf Stream,1899 is influenced by the tale of a man from British Army who got robbed by pirates and sailed on a boat alone on the sea to reach the coast. The man later dies due to his

What are the causes and effects of obesity Essay

What are the causes and effects of obesity - Essay Example This essay "What are the causes and effects of obesity?" outlines the major reasons for obesity and its impact on the health of the person who suffers from this health condition. It is surprising that many regions that registered high poverty rates in the past are now making headlines with the alarming obesity rates. Evidently, unhealthy eating habits are a leading contributor to the increasing rates of obesity. Notably, many people living in the developed and developing world consume unhealthy foods. There is a remarkable high preference for food products that have high sugar content instead of whole food (Gustafson 2015, n.p). The increased consumption of soft drinks and high-fat content food has also contributed to the development of obesity in many parts of the globe. According to the Word Obesity Federation, unhealthy eating habits have contributed to an energy imbalance in the body. The globe registers a higher level of food consumption. For this reason, the intake of calories is higher than the body requires (Abc.net.au 2015, n.p). People are slowly becoming used to large food portions without considering the recommended calorie intake required for their body and age. The preference for high-energy food serves to increase the energy imbalance in the body. Lack of physical exercise is an additional cause of the increasing rates of obesity. Many people are adopting a sedentary lifestyle with little or no exercise at all. The world has moved into a new technology level, eliminating the value of physical labour.

Advanced Writing for Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advanced Writing for Marketing - Essay Example The document helps the President improve job performance evaluation, in terms of sale manager’s performance. The document is intended to replace the current job evaluation rubric, in terms of the manager’s job benchmarks. The document explains the superiority of the proposed annual report-based benchmark over the current attendance based criteria. It is highly recommended that that annual report, income statement, replace the current job performance benchmark (Weaver 2007 293). The current benchmark pales in comparison with the proposed annual report rubric. The income statement is used by most business entities as job performance yardstick. Judging from the use of the income statement as the standard global criteria, it is highly recommended that you, my president friend, follow suit. Further, implementing your current attendance-based criteria is understandable. You are reducing the manager’s job responsibilities. The human resource department is tasked with collection the attendance reports of the managers. All the managers have to do is to â€Å"time in† by swiping one’s identification card through the attendance machine. When the manager leaves the office, all the manager has to do is to â€Å"log out†. Logging out is done by swiping one’s identification card through the time recording machine strategically located near the entrance / exit pathways. The human resource department presents the attendance report to you, President, indicating your sales managers’ tardiness report. Furthermore, this is comprehensible. Your current impression of the best employee is one who is devoted to one’s job. A loyal employee will normally reduce absences and tardiness to allowable levels. Your company allows excused absences on reasonable ground. Reasonable grounds include unexpected traffic from home to the work area, hurricanes, earthquakes, and other reasonable causes. Lastly, labor law regulations allow absences your employee is

Excise 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Excise 4 - Essay Example In addition, they have the power to establish roads and post offices. Finally they are granted the power to declare war which includes raising navies and armies. In section 2 of the constitution of Unites State the primary powers of the president include; clause 1 to give information to Congress of the state of the Union, Further in clause 2 states that the president has the power and duty to recommend to their consideration of congress where necessary. In addition, the President has the power of calling congress into extraordinary session. Clause 4 He receives foreign representatives, he cares for the faithful execution of the law and finally, clause 6 the President commissions officers both in the foreign and military service. In article 3, section 1 state that the judicial power of united state is vested in Supreme Court. Section 2, give the judicial branch power to attend to all cases both in law and equity that arise under the constitution and treaties made. This involves; all cases regarding ambassadors, other public consuls and ministers; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; further to controversies in which the United States shall be a party among others. The three bodies often balance and check each other in different activities for instance; the President always give recommendations to congress where he feels it’s essential. Moreover, the president exercises a check over the Congress by use of his veto bills power, however Congress may also rule against any veto by a two-thirds majority in each house. Furthermore, judicial branch helps in law interpretation to ensure uniform policies in all levels and

Defining Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Defining Intelligence - Essay Example Dr. Howard Gardner developed the theory of multiple intelligences in 1983. This theory outlines eight different intelligences, including bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, naturalist and spatial. Today, IQ tests are routinely used to rank an individual's intelligence. This test generally only assesses linguistic ("word smart") and logical-mathematical ("number/reasoning smart") intelligences. Many educators believe this is too limiting, and more use should be made of the broader range of intelligences.IQ tests are given to children all over the world, either as a written test or with an examiner. The test is customized for cultural differences, and typically only tests your ability to handle numbers, words and problems. IQ tests can be a good indicator for how well a child will do in school, where the standard teaching method is by reading textbooks and listening to lectures. However, the IQ score can influence how people will treat that person throughout life, "determining her eligibility for certain privileges" (Gardner, Year). If you're not good at reading ("word smart") or you don't understand algebra ("number/reasoning smart"), then you may be considered dumb. A child may be disadvantaged because they are not considered smart by normal standards. But normal is only defined as two out of eight possible intelligences. Is this fair Many think it isn't and believe teaching methods should change. If the other six intelligences are recognized and used in teaching, this will give children and people of all ages more opportunities. As adults with jobs, our intelligence strengths can influence how successful we are. A child who liked to write stories in English class might become a journalist with a newspaper. Another child who loved to play number games might go on to become a computer programmer. These are good matches. But some people might find themselves in jobs they are not suited to because it does not make full use of their individual intelligences. For example, a gifted sportsperson may have a job sitting at a desk typing on a computer all day. A desk job may suit a person who is word and number smart, but may not suit this person who is body smart. They may find their job mundane because they are not active. They would rather be outdoors moving around. Another example is a talented musician ("music smart") who can easily make up beautiful and original music by playing it on an instrument but cannot read or write. Usually people with high IQ scores tend to be in well-paid jobs, while people with low IQ scores do not. But IQ alone cannot predict success. "The vast majority of one's ultimate niche in society is determined by non-IQ factors, ranging from social class to luck" (Goleman, Year). Because a person has a particular strength in one type of intelligence, may not mean they are strong in other intelligences. For example, a student who loves mathematics got a job as an engineer. He was very good at his job, but when asked to speak at a meeting, he felt complete dismay because he didn't want to talk in front of a lot of people. He was "number and reasoning smart", but not "word smart". A sales person may sell lots of cars because he is "people smart", but may fatigue easily when he goes for a walk because he is not "body smart". Another person might be a talented guitar player ("music smart") but causes a calamity and looses his job in the band because he can't control his bad temper. He is not "self smart". To help people make the most of opportunities, school provides an important role in identifying a person's talents. If a school offers a broad range of subjects, then you have more opportunity to find out what you are good at and like doing. For example, if a school didn't offer art classes, a student might miss the opportunity to find out they were good at drawing ("picture smart"). Or if a school didn't

Excise 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Excise 4 - Essay Example In addition, they have the power to establish roads and post offices. Finally they are granted the power to declare war which includes raising navies and armies. In section 2 of the constitution of Unites State the primary powers of the president include; clause 1 to give information to Congress of the state of the Union, Further in clause 2 states that the president has the power and duty to recommend to their consideration of congress where necessary. In addition, the President has the power of calling congress into extraordinary session. Clause 4 He receives foreign representatives, he cares for the faithful execution of the law and finally, clause 6 the President commissions officers both in the foreign and military service. In article 3, section 1 state that the judicial power of united state is vested in Supreme Court. Section 2, give the judicial branch power to attend to all cases both in law and equity that arise under the constitution and treaties made. This involves; all cases regarding ambassadors, other public consuls and ministers; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; further to controversies in which the United States shall be a party among others. The three bodies often balance and check each other in different activities for instance; the President always give recommendations to congress where he feels it’s essential. Moreover, the president exercises a check over the Congress by use of his veto bills power, however Congress may also rule against any veto by a two-thirds majority in each house. Furthermore, judicial branch helps in law interpretation to ensure uniform policies in all levels and

A Study Of The Predictive Effect Of Pre-Service Teacher Essay Example for Free

A Study Of The Predictive Effect Of Pre-Service Teacher Essay ABSTRACT: This paper aims to examine the relationship between the personal knowledge management (PKM) competency of pre-service teachers and their instructional design skills. Supporting the sustainable development of teachers as professionals in the knowledge society is a critical issue in teacher education. This study attempts to identify an empirical model and a curriculum framework for nurturing pre-service teachers’ PKM competency. Dorsey (2000) PKM skills were adopted for constructing the theoretical framework and the survey instrument. A quasi-experimental research design was used to collect data from pre-service teachers from Hong Kong’s largest teacher education institution. A structural equation model was applied to explore the predictive power of PKM competency on their instructional design. Results show that a four-factor PKM competency model, which consists of retrieving, analyzing, organizing and collaborative skills, was identified as a predictor of instructional design. Use of PKM tools, e-learning activities and collaborative action research for developing pre-service teacher PKM competency are recommended to teaching education institute. Keywords: Personal knowledge management, Pre-service teacher, Teacher education Introduction Rapid advances in technology and communications have greatly accelerated the emergence of information. The increases in the amounts and formats of information available do not automatically make learners more informed or knowledgeable, if a learner cannot manage and meld the accumulation of  information through their daily experience and study to construct knowledge in a systematic fashion. This competency is referred by most literatures (Frand Hixon, 1999; Dorsey, 2000; Wright, 2005) as personal knowledge management (PKM) competency. Developing learners with PKM competency is not simply a lifelong education issue, it is also an important teacher education issue in terms of sustaining a competitive human capital in the knowledge economy. Teacher development is viewed as an ongoing lifelong learning process as teachers strive to learn how to teach learner to learn how to learn (Cochran-Smith Lytle, 1999). The recent education reforms in Hong Kong (Education Commission, 2000) addressed this lifelong education issue by proposing a learning to learn slogan in the policy document. The policy suggests that teachers should develop student learning competence for acquiring knowledge through various methods. To develop students with knowledge acquisition skills, teachers should also be equipped with the competency for knowledge acquisition. However, since publication of the policy paper entitled Information Technology for Learning in a New Era Five-year Strategy that launched IT in education in Hong Kong (EMB, 1998), the Education Bureau has not addressed this issue in any teacher professional development policy documents. Recent calls for consultation on e-learning from the Education Bureau likewise generated additional demand for developing teacher information literacy capable of supporting student learning (EMB, 2004). If the government and teacher education institutions really want to develop competent teachers for the knowledge society, they may consider injecting the elements of personal knowledge management (PKM) into the teacher education curriculum for developing pre-service teachers’ teaching competency. However, little studies on teacher education were attempted to examine the effect of PKM on teacher learning and discussed the possibilities of injecting the element of PKM model into teacher education curriculum. This study aims to construct an empirical model for examining the predictive effect of pre-service teachers’ PKM competency on their instructional design skills and to discuss a personal knowledge management curriculum framework for teacher education institutions. Literature Review A review of the literature related to knowledge management suggests that the development of personal knowledge management (PKM) could be a means of enhancing pre-service teacher professional competency in managing personal knowledge for coping with the acceleration of emerging information. Frand Hixon (1999) define PKM as a conceptual framework to organize and integrate important information such that it becomes part of an individual’s personal knowledge base. Dorsey (2000) emphasizes the importance of injecting PKM into an educational framework for undergraduate education in order to bridge the gap between general education and other subject disciplines. PKM could serve as a framework for integrating general education and majors and as an approach to technology integration initiatives throughout the curriculum. PKM provides learners with both a common language and a common understanding of the intellectual and practical processes necessary for the acquisition of information and its subsequent transformation into knowledge. The significance of exploring PKM may contribute to human cognitive capabilities (Sheridan, 2008). Scholars tend to conceptualize PKM as a set of information skills (Frand Hixon, 1999; Avery et al, 2001), though there is no standard definition or model for PKM. After Frand Hixon (1999) outlined five PKM techniques as searching, classifying, storing distributing, evaluating and integrating skills, Dorsey and colleagues (Avery et al, 2001) broadened the Frand Hixon PKM framework well beyond its formulation. Central to PKM, as clarified by Dorsey, are seven information skills which when exercised together are integral to effective knowledge work. These seven PKM skills are retrieving, evaluating, organizing, analyzing, presenting and securing information and collaboration for creating knowledge. Recently, Pettenati and Cigognini (2009) grouped PKM skills under three intertwined macro-competence categories: creation, organization and sharing. PKM can also be conceptualized as an intertwined macro-competency. Wright (2005) proposes a PKM model that links distinctive types of problem-solving  activities with specific cognitive andmetacognitive, information, social and learning competencies. As a learning competency, PKM enables learners to apply a set of learning skills that are essential to lifelong learning for information processing, knowledge application and decision-making. As a cognitive and metacognitve competency, it enables learners to apply complex thinking skills to solve problems. It is knowledge concerning the learner’s own cognitive processes or anything related to them (Flavell, 1976, p232). As an information competency, it enables learners to link technology tools with a set of information skills, thus providing an intentionality that moves the focus from the technology more directly to the information. As a social competency, its underlying principles include enabling learners to understand others’ ideas, develop and follow through on shared practices, build win-win relationships, and resolve conflicts. PKM integrates human cognitive and metacognitive competency (Sheridan, 2008), social competency (Wright, 2005; Pettenati Cigognini, 2009) and informational competency (Tsui, 2002). Wright (2007) has developed a PKM Planning Guide for developing knowledge worker PKM competency. The guide is based on his research findings that the four interrelated competencies are activated in order to plan PKM training. The training process encourages participants to reflect on their knowledge activities and focus on areas for improvement. If learners know how to control this process, they can internalize information into personal knowledge, creating a foundation for effective learning. Utilizing PKM for acquiring knowledge refers to a collection of information management processes that an individual learner needs to carry out in order to gather, classify, store, search, and retrieve information in his daily activities (Tsui, 2002; Grundspenkis, 2007). In teacher education, knowledge acquisition focuses on the process how teacher apply PKM to support their day-to-day teaching and learning activities: instructional design. Instructional design is closely related to PKM which is also one of the major learning tasks for pre-service teachers. Instructional design is a process that involves determining the current status and needs of the learner, defining the end goal of instruction, and creating instructional  and learning strategies to facilitate teaching and learning. There are a wide range of instructional design models, many of them based on the ADDIE model (Seels Glasgow, 1998; Molenda, M., 2003; Strickland, A.W. 2006) which includes the following phases: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. This acronym stands for the 5 phases contained in the model. Knowledge acquisition for instructional design is conceptualized as identifying learner entry skills, formulating instructional objectives, test and design specifications, creating instructional or training materials, making recommendations and preparing a project report for lesson implementation. As instructional design is one of the key components of teacher professional competence, and helps to implement a new curriculum in the information age of the 21st century, exploring the predictive relationships of PKM competency on knowledge acquisition for instructional design becomes key to the development of teacher education. Research Methodology It appears that PKM competency can expand individuals’ knowledge and enhance their learning competency (Davenport, 1997, p146 ; Frand Hixon, 1999). It provides learners with a targeted, reflective and adaptable cognitive framework for inquiry and problem solving. In this study, knowledge acquisition will be conceptualized as the knowledge required for carrying out instructional design. This study attempts to answer the following research questions: 1. What is the empirical factor structure of PKM competency for pre-service teachers? 2. Is there any relationship between the PKM competency of pre-service teachers and their knowledge acquisition for instructional design? This study adopted Dorsey (2000) PKM skills to conceptualize PKM as a competency for acquiring knowledge (see figure 1). A quasi-experimental research design was used in this study to determine the relationship between PKM skills and knowledge acquisition for instructional design. The exogenous variables were pre-service teachers perceptions of their PKM skills. The endogenous variable is knowledge acquisition for instructional design. A  self-response quantitative questionnaire was devised to collect data from the pre-service teachers of Hong Kong’s largest teacher education institution. Figure 1: Theoretical Framework Of The Study The operationalized definitions of Dorsey (2000) PKM skills are as follows: 1. Retrieving skill is the ability of learners to retrieve information from relational databases, electronic library databases, websites, threaded discussion groups, recorded chats, and moderated andunmoderated lists. 2. Evaluating skill is the ability to make judgments on both the quality and relevance of information to be retrieved, organized, and analyzed. 3. Organizing skill is the ability to make the information one’s own by applying ordering and connecting principles that relate new information to old information. 4. Collaborating skill is the ability  to understand others’ ideas, develop and follow through on shared practices, build win-win relationships, and resolve conflicts between these underlying principles. 5. Analyzing skill is the ability to extract meaning from data and convert information into knowledge. 6. Presenting skill is the ability to familiarize with the work of communications specialists, graphic designers, and editors. 7. Securing skill is the ability to develop and implement practices that help to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and actual existence of information. This study adopted ADDIE instructional design model to conceptualize instructional design as a multiple competencies that involves analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation of a lesson (Molenda, 2003; Strickland, 2006). The acronym ADDIE stands for the 5 phases contained in the model. Pre-service teachers’ learning on instructional design is conceptualized by the knowledge and experiences they come across in the 5 phases of ADDIE model including analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The learning outcomes include know how to analyse learner characteristics and task to be learned and identify learner entry skills; to design learning objectives and choose an instructional approach; to develop instructional or training materials; implement the lesson and deliver the instructional materials; and to evaluate the lesson plan and recommend the materials achieved the desired goals. The teaching experience that they had gained include determining the current state and needs of the learner, defining the end goal of instruction, and creating some instructional and learning strategies to facilitate teaching and learning. Instructional design is operationalized to the knowledge for: identifying learner entry skills; formulating instructional obJectives, test and designs specifications; creating instructional or training materials; and making recommendations and preparing a project report for lesson implementation (Seels Glasgow, 1998; Molenda, M., 2003; Strickland, A.W. 2006). The questionnaire was based on a number of scales constructed to measure the variables of PKM skills and instructional design. In order to develop valid items for these scales, the researcher conducted a content analysis on the PKM literature of Dorsey (2000), Skyrme (1999). Hyams (2000), and on the instruction design literature of Seels Glasgow (1998), Molenda, M. (2003); and Strickland, A.W. (2006). The questionnaire consists of two sections. Section 1 was used to measure the effectiveness of knowledge acquisition for instructional design based on 4 items. Section 2 contains 21 items designed to measure the teachers’ perceptions of their seven PKM skills. Likert 6 point scales were used in both sections to measure the variables. Likert scales are commonly used in attitudinal research. The Likert scale assumes that the difference between answering agree strongly, and agree is the same as between answering agree and neither agree nor disagree (Likert 1932, quoted in Gay, 1992 ). The data was collected directly from target subjects using the questionnaire. 225 pre-service teachers responded to the survey. Data was collected directly from them by means of the questionnaire. The subjects in the study were pre-service teachers from Hong Kong’s largest teacher education institution. Random sampling was used to collect data from the population. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out on variables using principal factor axis analysis to confirm the constructed validity of the tools (see table 1). The study is interested in a theoretical solution uncontaminated by unique and error variability and is designed with a framework on the basis of underlying constructs that are expected to produce sources on the observed variables. Principal axis factor (PAF) analysis, which aims to reveal the underlying factors that produce the correlation or correlations among a set of indicators with the assumption of an implicit underlying factor model, was applied separately to the items from the learning processes and learning outcomes. Promax rotation, a method of oblique rotation which assumes that the resulting factors are correlated with one other, was applied to extract the factors. An eigenvalue greater than one was used to determine the appropriate number of factors for the factor solutions. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was then applied to  examine the factor structures and the paths among the variables, using Lisrel 8.3 (Joreskog Sorbom, 1999). SEM is a collection of statistical techniques that allows the examination of a set of relationships between exogenous variables and endogenous variables. Findings The results of exploratory factor analysis, presented in Table 1, clearly suggest a four- factor structure for exogenous variables that are both empirically feasible and theoretically acceptable. An eigenvaluegreater than one was used to determine the appropriate number of factors for the factor analysis solution. Items were extracted with factor loadings greater than 0.6 across and within factors. The numbers of factor solutions extracted from a Promax rotation theoretically afforded the most meaningful interpretation. The process used to identify and label the factors that emerged was based on examining the derivation of the highest loading items on each of the factors. The reliability coefficients of the scales ranged from 0.792-0.821, which was judged adequate for this study. The results of descriptive statistics show that the scale means of all the variables are higher than 4.27 within the 6 point-scale, reflecting the participants’ tendency to slightly agree with all the items. The reliability coefficient (Alphas) of the scale for instructional design is 0.854, its scale mean is 4.33 (sd = 0.691).

Marketing Communications Mix Strategies | Tesco

Marketing Communications Mix Strategies | Tesco Although the 4P characterization has led to widespread use of the term promotion for describing communications with prospects and customers, the term marketing communications is preferred by most marketing practitioners as well as by many educators. Consider that we may want to use marketing communications to refer to the collection of advertising, sales promotions, public relations, event marketing, and other communication devices. Promotion is considered as Sales Promotion. (Shimp 2007) {Terence A. Shimp (2007), Integrated Marketing Communications in Advertising and Promotion, 7th Edition, Ohio, Thomson South-Western, P: 4.} Marketing Communication is used by organisations to communicate with customers with respect to their product offerings. In this sense, Marketing Communication is one side of the communication process with customers. Market research, in which suppliers seek to elicit information on consumer requirements from consumers, is the complementary component of the communication process. The following summarises this very simply: (Rowley 1998). Source: Promotion and marketing communications in the information marketplace. According to Rowley producer should communicate to reach the customers and in turn should listen to the customers needs and requirements to enhance the product and service. Tesco proudly announced that one of the reasons to its Success is listening to their Customers and its suppliers. Tesco has adopted multiple qualitative research techniques to reach their customers such as focus groups, accompanied shops, home visits to collect the feedback in order to straighten the things and respond quickly. Modestly they say Its simple we listen and respond, providing customers with what they tell us they want. { [online] < http://www.tesco.com/talkingtesco/listening/> (March 19, 2010)}. Marketing Communications Mix also know as Promotional Mix consists of Advertising, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion, Direct Marketing, Internet Promotion and Publicity. Marketing communications Mix strategies: Source: Promotion and marketing communications in the information marketplace. Push Strategies: A promotion strategy that calls for using the sales forces and trade promotion to push the product through channels. The producer promotes the product to wholesalers, the wholesalers promote to retailers and the retailers promote to consumers (Kotler et al. 2005). Pull Strategy: A promotion strategy that calls for spending a lot on advertising and consumer promotion to build up consumer demand. If the strategy is successful, consumers will ask their retailers for the product, the retailers will ask wholesalers and the wholesalers will ask the producers (Kotler et al. 2005). Push Strategy aims at Intermediaries, its make good use of Sales promotion and Personal Selling. Pull Strategy aims at direct customers, its make good use of Advertisements. Advertising: Source: You tube : Tesco Christmas 2009 advertisement. [Online]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8y85QTa1g8 (March 19, 2010) This Advertisement is about promotional offers at Tesco for Christmas, It states that everyone could enjoy a finest Christmas at Tesco with an affordable range of products. Advertising is a paid form of non-interactive showcase of products and services to the consumer through print media or other common advertising channels (Rowley 1998). Advertising Models: AIDA Model: Attention: Making customer aware of the product. Interest: Developing an interest in the product. Desire: Making customer think that he needs the product. Action: Purchase is made. Designing communication strategies is important to identify whether the objective is to draw to attention, cultivate interest, stimulate desire or provoke action(Rowley 1998). Communication Objectives: Source: Promotion and marketing communications in the information marketplace. From the above objectives, AIDA is strongly recommended (Rowley 1998). According to Rowley a communication strategy should have a message and it should go along with its communication objective. The message should reflect the unique selling proposition (USP) of the products. The organizations should concentrate on elements of the message that need to be considered are: Content, Structure, Format and Source. Importantly these Advertisements should be target oriented; the Organisations should often have a strategy on the market to target. Impact of Advertisements: A good communication strategy would yield results per expectations. It should be market oriented and should reach market without any cost to the market. Directive would leave an impact, provided its ethical. Positives of Advertisements: It can create awareness in the targeted market. It can reach markets far and wide. Positioning of the product and Brand image could earn customers trust. Negatives of Advertisements: It cannot answer the customer queries. Always may not provoke customers to purchase decision. Too many Advertisements may cause audience loose concentration. Personal Selling According to Baker (2003) personal selling can be defined as the personal contact with one or more purchasers for the purpose of making a sale. To be effective, marketing management needs to integrate personal selling with other promotional elements, with other organizational functions such as distribution and production, and with the customer and competitive structures prevailing in the market. Different stages in Personal Selling: Generating leads and identifying prospects Pre-call planning The approach The presentation Overcoming objections Closing Follow-up. Baker says Personal selling is a two-way approach and it employs push strategy and is relatively expensive per contact and according to a 2001 survey, the average cost of an outside salesperson is in excess of 55,000 pounds per annum. The actual time spent on face-face customer communication is typically around 20-30 per cent of working hours. Sales management issues: Selection of sales Team Training Leadership and supervision Remuneration Evaluation and control Impact of Personal Selling: Efficient sales force often yield results Personal selling increases the customers interest and desire on the product and it could lead to purchase Personal Selling should act as forum for answers to all the customers queries Positives of Personal Selling: High Interactive communication between the buyer and the seller Detailed product information and features Relationships can develop Negatives of Personal Selling: Cost oriented Team Not appropriate approach towards thousands of prospective buyers Sales closure time could lead to customer dissatisfaction Sales Promotion: Sales promotion consists of short-term incentives to encourage purchase or sales of a product or service (Kotler et al. 2005). As per the above definition, sales promotion offers reasons that would achieve immediate sales. It seeks to lure people to buy now. Promotional Tools: Samples Coupons Rebates Price packs Premiums Advertising specialties Patronage rewards Point-of-purchase Competitions, lotteries and games Impact of Sales Promotion: It helps to lure consumers and attract them from competitors Customers trying our products, giving a chance to retain them Positives of Sales Promotion: Increase immediate sales Interim strategic tool Negatives of Sales Promotion: Not for long-term usage, as customers may get used to this. Too much involvement into sales promotion may harm the brand image Seasonal Promotions: Advertisement Models: Internet promotion: Its interlinked with Place i.e. Mix in Mix. Sales Promotion: Public relations: Promotional Strategies: Pull Strategy: Push Strategy: Mercer (1996), in emphasizing that communication must be a two-way process, says (p. 309): The ideal form of promotion is the conversation which takes places between the expert sales professional and his or her customer. It is interactive and conversation is specific to the needs of both. Other forms of promotion, which deal in the average needs of groups of people can only hope to approximate to this ideal. Promotional Mix: Place: Introduction: The main purpose of this report is to determine the importance of the Location in retailing. It includes an analysis of Tesco and Corner Shop locations by taking into account all the factors of well chosen place for retail store as well as current situation on the Market. Report discusses the role location played in the success of those retailers. It also tries to assign the importance of the Location in comparison to other elements of the retail Marketing Mix. First Tesco Metro has been opened in 1992 and are usually located in the town and city centre locations (http://www.tescocorporate.com/page.aspx? pointerid=3DB554FCAE344BD88EEEEFA63D71B831). They are usually smaller than ordinary Tesco store but bigger than Tesco Express with the size varying between approximately 7,000 to 15,000 sq.ft. Source: Online Available http://www.tesco.com/talkingtesco/stores/. Psychology Analysis: The Epic of Gilgamesh Psychology Analysis: The Epic of Gilgamesh Jungian analysis is a deep psychology of the unconscious and includes the interpretation of dreams as well. Jung believes that most dreams are attitude-compensations. The attitudes that dreams balance are those of the ego. Carl Jung believed that myths and dreams were the main way to the self-realization because he believed that they allowed humans to understand and relate to parts of their psyches which would have otherwise been unreachable. Dreams offer the ego information, advice, constructive criticism, and even sometimes wisdom. If the ego is open to acceptance rather than defensive, it can evaluate these alternative perspectives and decide whether to accept or reject them. Jung developed a process called individuation, which was the therapy he created which tries to deepen a persons experiences psychologically. Responding to dreams required interaction of many aspects of the personality, which he titled the archetypes: the Self, shadow, animus, and anima. He defined an archetyp e as a universal and recurring image, pattern, or motif representing a typical human experience. Archetypes are patterns and behaviors; are primordial images which are part of our psyche and social systems. Archetypes can grow on their own and present themselves in many different ways. When people dream, they form images unconsciously. The images that are formed in these dreams correspond to the sacred images, stories, and myths of primitive people. Archetypes are similar to instincts and they also reveal themselves in peoples unconscious by these powerful symbolic images; they are collective meaning they are held in common by a social group. They appear simple on the surface, but they are very complex. The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of the oldest written stories in the history of earth and it comes from ancient Sumeria. Many believe it was first written on clay tablets, showing the adventures of the historical King of Uruk-Gilgamesh. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, he travels between his c onscious and unconscious in order to solve inner problems and grow out of his own fear of death. Through the Jungian analysis one can determine how the myth of Gilgamesh fits into the unconscious of every human. Gilgamesh is a king that oppresses his kingdom and forces his people to build a wall around his land, which inside he is guilty of committing atrocious acts. Gilgamesh is one third mortal and two thirds divine, because his mother was a goddess. He is an arrogant king who constantly oppresses and wrongs the people of his kingdom. He is struggling throughout the epic with the gods, his kingdom, and most importantly, himself. In order for an individual to reach their unconscious, there needs to be a specific dreamer established an in Gilgamesh, the dreamer is the hero of the story-Gilgamesh. He must go through the process of individuation, which is the psychic life of the individual, the archetypes interact in a pattern which both reflects and fosters the development of the personality (Devinney and Thury, 2005). The natural process that individuals go through which causes the need for self-realization and leads people to explore and integrate parts of themselves which they have never l ooked into before is individuation. It helps people become different from others in their society. In order for Gilgamesh to discover and uncover who he truly is, he must encounter the shadow, the animus and anima and most importantly-the self. In the epic, the ego is the conscious I of the self that works to produce and preserve its self-defined identity. In the process of individuation, the conscious coming-to-terms with ones own inner self usually begins with a cutting off of the individuals personality and the hardships that go along with that process. The second archetype in the individuation process is the anima and animus. Jung stated the anima was the unconscious feminine component of males and the animus was the unconscious masculine component of females. Jung believed the anima and animus act as guides to the unconscious, and that every individual must form one and building that connection is a very difficult but rewarding process, and that it is necessary for psychological growth. They are determined by the gender of the dreamer themselves. Due to Gilgamesh being a male, he has an anima, which is the personification of all feminine psychological tendencies in a manes psyche. The first animia in the epic is Gilgameshs mother, the goddess Ninsun. In the beginning of the myth the reader discovers that Gilgamesh is worshiped like a god, even though he is part human as well. His mother acts as a guide and confidant throughout the myth, and he receives word of Enkidu through dreams that his mother interprets for him. She leads him to the next stage of growth for himself by giving him the information about his new companion, Enkidu. For Gilgamesh, he still is unaware of a lot of his own personality and this is where the third archetype comes into play. The shadow is the same sex as the individual, but has the complete opposite personality and self-image. The shadow for Gilgamesh is Enkidu, he is a replica god of Gilgamesh himself-but he is uncivilized and beast-like. He represents the great opposite of Gilgamesh, but they are identical in authority and vigor. He first appears to Gilgamesh as an enemy, informing the shepherds that he will go to Gilgameshs kingdom and will challenge him in front of his people and state that he is the strongest around. They quarrel in Gilgameshs city and he beats Enkidu which caused them to become friends and also causes Gilgamesh to have a bigger insight to his unconscious. When Gilgamesh and Enkidu travel through the forest, they encounter another shadow archetype. Together they embark on a trip into the forest where Humbaba, the king of this forest lives. Humbaba signifies all t he personality characteristics that Gilgamesh wants, including strength, courage and glory. Gilgamesh believes that by killing Humbaba he will create some immortality for himself and his people. On their way back home, Gilgamesh comes to an anima, Ishtar the goddess of fertility. She is drawn to Gilgameshs beauty and strength and she recommends for him to marry her, but Gilgamesh refuses and continues to insult her with stories of her past lovers, which causes her to become extremely angry with him. Ishtar is a negative anima, who can cause Gilgamesh to demolish himself. Ishtar sends the Bull of Heaven to kill Gilgamesh but Enkidu kills the bull, which causes him in the end to suffer a slow death from the gods, and ultimately hurts Gilgamesh because he lost his comrade. With Enkidus death, Gilgamesh goes crazy and eventually becomes his shadow and takes on those characteristics. Gilgamesh turns away from his kingdom and takes on the beast-like personality Enkidu displayed when they first met. A third shadow archetype is displayed in the land of Utnapishtim, where Gilgamesh winds up on his search for immortality. Utnapishtim is the land of gods, where they live and thrive. Gilgamesh longs for the gods immortality, it is shown here the fear that he has for death and why this search is so important to him. The gods inform him if he stays awake for seven days and seven nights and they will grant him with immortality-but he fails at this challenge and therefore he fails at reaching his goal of becoming immortal. On his return back to his kingdom Gilgamesh has won his wish of immortality in a different sense, he found his self through the journey. By encountering all the archetypes Gilgamesh builds his inner self and builds his personality in many different ways. The archetypes he encountered represented his unconscious dreams and wishes, and he discovers his self through his unconscious discoveries. Using Jungs theoretical perspective to analyze the epic myth of Gilgamesh, one discovers Jungs belief that myths and dreams were intertwined. Jung attempted to uncover ways that individuals could determine their inner selves and he found that myths and dreams were a way to reach into ones unconscious. Through Jungian analysis, a reader can interpret a myth to better understand the personality characteristics of humans. The fear of death that haunted Gilgamesh also haunts many individuals in our society and societies prior. This epic shows the reader that any individual can discover their inner self through understanding different archetypes including, shadows, animas and animus, and lastly inner selves which will help them break into their own unconscious. Gilgameshs heroic journey has been dignified because it is more than just a great journey story; it is also an unbelievable academic quest. Gilgamesh has courage and determination which is important for him to defeat the obstacles he was faced with during his journey, but he also must have undeterred tolerance, internal strength, and willful self-examination.